FORVM Crusaders Frankish Greece of Achaea Isabella of Villehardouin 0.752g

Description

Crusaders, Frankish Greece, Principality of Achaea, Isabella of Villehardouin, 1297 - 1301
The crusades were military expeditions undertaken by the Christians of Europe in the 11th, 12th, and 13th centuries to recover the Holy Land from the Muslims. The origin of the word may be traced to the cross made of cloth and worn as a badge on the outer garment of those who took part in these enterprises. The Crusader states were a number of mostly 12th and 13th century feudal states created by Western European crusaders in Sicily, Greece, Asia Minor, and the Holy Land, and during the Northern Crusades in the eastern Baltic area. Politics were complicated, including a Christian alliance with the Islamic Sultanate of Rûm during the Fifth Crusade. The Crusaders ravaged the countries they marched through, killed 8,000 Jews in the Rhineland in the first of Europe's pogroms, devastated the Mediterranean ports, fought amongst themselves as much as the 'Infidel' and fleeced their subjects to fill their coffers. Murder and massacre in the service of the Gospel was commonplace. Seventy thousand civilians were butchered in the sack of Jerusalem. The end came in 1291 with the fall of Acre, the last Christian stronghold in the Holy Land.
This was one of very few medieval coin types minted under female authority. Isabella married her third husband, Philip of Savoy, in Rome on 12 February 1301. In 1306 Philip and Isabella were summoned to Charles II's court at Naples. Philip was accused of disloyalty and Isabella of failing to seek her suzerain's consent before marrying Philip. Charles deprived the two of Achaea and on 5 May 1306 bestowed it directly upon his son Philip I of Taranto (who thus became Philip II of Achaea). Philip of Savoy relinquished his claim to Achaea on 11 May 1307 in exchange for the County of Alba. Isabella, separated herself from him and went to live in Hainaut, continuing to assert her right to the Principality. Isabella died on 23 January 1312, after which Philip of Savoy remarried. On Philip of Taranto's death in 1313, Isabella's daughter by Florent, Matilda of Hainaut, became Princess of Achaea.
CR88469. Billon denier tournois, references: Metcalf Crusades type Y3, 970; Malloy Crusaders 15a var.; condition: VF, toned, reverse double struck and slightly off center, small deposits, mint: Clarentza, weight: 0.752g, maximum diameter: 19.8mm, die axis: 90
o
, date struck: 1299 - 1301; obverse +♣YSABELLA
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P
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ACh▼ (unbarred A, angular E), cross pattée; reverse DE CLARENCIA
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(angular C and E, unbarred A, curly footed R), castle tournois, surmounted by cross; additional comments: from the Louis G Estate; 8
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