FORVM Crusaders Frankish Greece Achaea Philip of Taranto 0.779g Denier Tournois

Description

Crusaders, Frankish Greece, Principality of Achaea, Philip I of Taranto, 1307 - 1313
The crusades were military expeditions undertaken by the Christians of Europe in the 11th, 12th, and 13th centuries to recover the Holy Land from the Muslims. The origin of the word may be traced to the cross made of cloth and worn as a badge on the outer garment of those who took part in these enterprises. The Crusader states were a number of mostly 12th and 13th century feudal states created by Western European crusaders in Sicily, Greece, Asia Minor, and the Holy Land, and during the Northern Crusades in the eastern Baltic area. Politics were complicated, including a Christian alliance with the Islamic Sultanate of Rûm during the Fifth Crusade. The Crusaders ravaged the countries they marched through, killed 8,000 Jews in the Rhineland in the first of Europe's pogroms, devastated the Mediterranean ports, fought amongst themselves as much as the 'Infidel' and fleeced their subjects to fill their coffers. Murder and massacre in the service of the Gospel was commonplace. Seventy thousand civilians were butchered in the sack of Jerusalem. The end came in 1291 with the fall of Acre, the last Christian stronghold in the Holy Land.
In 1306 Charles II of Naples gave his son Philip I of Taranto the title 'Despot of Romania.' Romania referred to Frankish lands previously ruled by the Byzantine Empire (the Romans), including: Albania, Corfu, the Principality of Achaia, the Duchy of Athens, the Duchy of the Archipelago, and the Despotate of Epirus. Coins were struck for Philip with this title at Lepanto (Naupaktos), in Epirus, across the Gulf of Corinth from Patras. In 1313, Philip abandoned his claim to Epirus and claimed the defunct Latin Empire of Constantinople instead as the inheritance of his wife Catherine II of Valois, Princess of Achaea.
CR88489. Billon denier tournois, references: Malloy Crusaders 26b, Metcalf Crusades PT2; condition: VF, toned, unusual letter forms, variable letter sizes, poor workmanship (as Metcalf notes is usual for this type), small edge splits, mint: Clarentza, weight: 0.779g, maximum diameter: 19.5mm, die axis: 180
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, date struck: 1307 - 1313; obverse + •Ph'S•P•ACh'•TAR•D R (Philippus princeps Achaie, Taranti, despotus Romanie, S retrograde), cross pattée; reverse D'•CLARENCIA•, castle tournois, surmounted by cross; additional comments: from the Louis G Estate; 8
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