FORVM Crusaders Athens Frankish Greece William de La Roche Denier Tournoise

Description

Crusaders, Frankish Greece, Duchy of Athens, William de La Roche, or Minority of Guy I de La Roch, 1280 - 1294
The crusades were military expeditions undertaken by the Christians of Europe in the 11th, 12th, and 13th centuries to recover the Holy Land from the Muslims. The origin of the word may be traced to the cross made of cloth and worn as a badge on the outer garment of those who took part in these enterprises. The Crusader states were a number of mostly 12th and 13th century feudal states created by Western European crusaders in Sicily, Greece, Asia Minor, and the Holy Land, and during the Northern Crusades in the eastern Baltic area. Politics were complicated, including a Christian alliance with the Islamic Sultanate of Rûm during the Fifth Crusade. The Crusaders ravaged the countries they marched through, killed 8,000 Jews in the Rhineland in the first of Europe's pogroms, devastated the Mediterranean ports, fought amongst themselves as much as the 'Infidel' and fleeced their subjects to fill their coffers. Murder and massacre in the service of the Gospel was commonplace. Seventy thousand civilians were butchered in the sack of Jerusalem. The end came in 1291 with the fall of Acre, the last Christian stronghold in the Holy Land.
This type was probably minted under William de La Roche, 1280 - 1287, but may have been minted during the minority of Guy I de La Roche, 1287 - 1294. William I de la Roche succeeded his brother, John I, as Duke of Athens in 1280. William reversed the territorial losses of his brother's reign, extending his control over Lamia and Gardiki. He married Helena Angelina Komnene, daughter of John I Doukas, ruler of Thessaly, securing a military alliance with him.
CR88464. Billon denier tournois, references: Pylia Hoard XXXIX, 16; Malloy Crusaders 87b; Metcalf Crusades A3, pl. 41, 1039; condition: VF, toned, well centered, slight double strike, some die wear, clashed dies, light marks, mint: Thebes, weight: 0.705g, maximum diameter: 18.8mm, die axis: 90
o
, date struck: 1280 - 1294; obverse + ♣ G'DVX
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ATENIS
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(round E, serifed X), cross pattée; reverse ▼ThEBE▼CIVIS▼ (round E's), castle tournois surmounted by cross, thin unbroken annulets; additional comments: from the Louis G Estate; 8
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